Nizoral (ketoconazole)
Nizoral is generically known as ketoconazole. It is an antifungal drug which fights against the fungal infections.
Composition
Nizoral is a broad-spectrum synthetic antifungal drug available in white scored tablets, each composed of 200 mg ketoconazole. Inactive ingredients present in nizoral are magnesium stearate, colloidal silicon dizoxide, microcrystalline cellulose, povidone, starch and lactose.
Uses
Nizoral is used to treat some serious infections caused by fungus. Ketoconazole is present in the class of medicines known as azole antifungals. It works by preventing the growth of the fungus. Nizoral should not be used for the treatment of fungal infections of toenails or fingernails, skin or brain. It may also be used for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Dosage
The recommended dosage for Nizoral (ketoconazole) varies depending on the condition being treated. It is important to follow the instructions provided by your healthcare professional. Here are some general guidelines:
For dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp:
- Wet the hair and scalp.
- Apply a small amount of Nizoral shampoo to the scalp.
- Massage gently to form a lather.
- Leave the shampoo on the scalp for 3 to 5 minutes.
- Rinse thoroughly and repeat if necessary.
- Use Nizoral shampoo twice a week for 2 to 4 weeks, or as directed by your doctor.
For other fungal infections on the body:
- Clean and dry the affected area before applying Nizoral cream or shampoo.
- Apply a thin layer of Nizoral cream to the affected skin or use Nizoral shampoo as directed.
- Gently massage or lather the product into the skin.
- Leave it on for the recommended duration (usually 3 to 5 minutes for shampoo).
- Rinse off thoroughly with water.
- Follow the prescribed treatment duration and frequency advised by your healthcare professional.
How to use
The medication guide given by the doctor should be carefully read before starting the use of ketoconazole. Consult your doctor or physician in case of any queries. This medicine has to be taken orally as instructed by your doctor, generally once in a day. This medicine can be taken with or without meal, but consuming it with meal reduces the chances of stomach upset. The dosage and course of the treatment depends on your response to drug, medical condition and other drugs you may be consuming. This works provides the maximum benefit when the amount of the drug remains constant in the body. Therefore this drug has to be taken at regular intervals.
Side-effects
Nausea and vomiting may usually occur. When this drug is taken at high doses; it may cause an unlikely problem to the adrenal gland (adrenal deficiency), a decrease in sperm synthesis or a fall in the testosterone levels. Ketoconazole may increase the danger to the existing problems related to the functioning of the adrenal glands. Some unusual or rare side-effects of nizoral include: weakness, abnormal tiredness, dizziness on standing, weight loss, diarrhea, menstrual cycle changes, decreased libido or tender/enlarged breasts in males. Ketoconazole has caused fatal liver problems in rare cases. Consult your doctor right away if you develop liver problems such as dark urine, abdominal pain, yellowing eyes/skin, light colored stools, persistent vomiting/nausea or loss of appetite.
Contra-indications
Ketoconazole can cause serious drug interactions. Therefore the use of nizoral is only recommended when no other treatments are going on. Ketoconazole should not be used with some other drugs such as ranolazine, methadone, quinidine, pimozide, cisapride etc. Before the intake of this drug, inform your doctor about your medical history, particularly of: alcohol use, liver disorders, low level of testosterone, low cortisol levels, low production of stomach acid. Patients who show allergic reactions to ketoconazole or other antifungal medicines like itraconazole or fluconazole.
Nizoral and Pregnancy
It is unknown whether ketoconazole can harm a fetus. Inform your doctor if you are expecting or planning to conceive in near future while using this drug. Ketoconazole can be excreted into the breast milk and can cause possible harm to the breastfed baby. Therefore breastfeeding is not advisable during the intake of this medication.
Some frequently asked questions about Ketoconazole
What is ketoconazole?
Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections caused by various types of fungi. It belongs to the class of drugs known as azole antifungals.
What conditions can ketoconazole treat?
Ketoconazole is commonly used to treat fungal infections of the skin, scalp, nails, and mucous membranes. It is effective against conditions such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm, seborrheic dermatitis, and certain types of yeast infections.
How does ketoconazole work?
Ketoconazole works by inhibiting the growth of fungi. It interferes with the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of the fungal cell membrane, leading to the disruption of fungal cell growth and eventual elimination of the infection.
Is ketoconazole safe to use?
Ketoconazole is generally safe when used as directed. However, it may have some side effects, which can include skin irritation, itching, rash, or in rare cases, more serious reactions. It is important to follow the recommended dosage and usage instructions and consult a healthcare professional if you experience any concerning symptoms.
Can ketoconazole be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional before using ketoconazole during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. They can assess the potential risks and benefits and provide guidance based on your specific situation.
How should ketoconazole be applied?
The application method of ketoconazole varies depending on the formulation (e.g., cream, shampoo, oral tablets). Follow the instructions provided by your healthcare professional or the product packaging for the specific application method and dosage. Ensure the affected area is clean and dry before applying the medication.
How long does it take for ketoconazole to work?
The time it takes for ketoconazole to work can vary depending on the severity of the fungal infection and the specific condition being treated. In many cases, improvement in symptoms can be seen within a few days to weeks of starting treatment. However, it is important to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed to ensure complete eradication of the infection.
Can ketoconazole interact with other medications?
Ketoconazole may interact with certain medications, including other antifungals, antibiotics, and medications that affect liver enzymes. Inform your healthcare professional about all the medications, supplements, or herbal products you are taking to avoid any potential interactions.
Can ketoconazole be used for children?
The use of ketoconazole in children should be determined by a healthcare professional. They can assess the child's specific condition and provide appropriate guidance on dosage and usage.
What should I do if my symptoms do not improve or worsen?
If your symptoms do not improve or worsen despite using ketoconazole as directed, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and guidance. They can assess your condition and recommend alternative treatment options if necessary.
Brand names
Extina, Xolegel, Ketoderm, Nu-Ketocon, Daktarin Gold, Dandrazol, Dandrid, Neutrogena Long Lasting Dandruff Control, Ketolium, Triatop, Fungarest, Fungo Farmasierra, Fungo Zeus, Keto-Cure, Ketoderma, Ketoisdin, Medezol, Micoticum, Panfungol.
